Neurology: Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology and Neurosciences

Neurochemistry is the branch of neuroscience that investigates the chemical composition and processes occurring within the nervous system and its associated tissues. A core focus of neurochemistry is neurotransmission the communication between neurons at the synapse mediated by specialized chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.

Neuropharmacology explores the impact of drugs on the structure and function of the nervous system. The primary objective of this discipline is to understand how chemical agents alter synaptic function and neural communication at the cellular and molecular levels.

• Chemical Neurobiology
• Molecular Mechanisms & Regulation of Nervous System
• Molecular and Cellular neurochemistry
• Therapeutics and Clinical Neuropharmacology
• Therapeutics for specific syndromes and symptoms in Clinical Neuropharmacology
• Hypothalamic releasing factors of Clinical Neuropharmacology

A brain tumour is the mass or growth of the brain abnormal cells. There are several different types of brain tumours. There are non-cancerous (benign) brain tumours and certain cancerous brain tumours (malignant). Brain tumours (primary brain tumours) can start in the brain or cancer can begin in other parts of the body and spread to the brain (secondary, or metastatic, brain tumors).

Neurosurgery is a medical specialty that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and care of patients with brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries or diseases/disorders in all parts of the body. A doctor who specializes in neurosurgery is classified not only as a brain surgeon, but also as a professionally qualified neurosurgeon who can also assist patients with back and neck pain.

• Acoustic neuroma
• Brain metastases
• Craniopharyngioma
• Embryonal tumors
• Ependymoma
• Glioblastoma
• Pineoblastoma
• Pituitary tumors
• Vascular neurosurgery
• Stereotactic neurosurgery/ functional neurosurgery
• Oncological neurosurgery
• Spinal neurosurgery

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes brain cells to degenerate and die over time. It is the most common cause of dementia, a condition that affects memory, thinking, behaviour, and social skills. As the disease advances, it interferes with a person's ability to live independently. Symptoms gradually worsen, making everyday tasks difficult. Currently, there is no cure or treatment that can stop or reverse the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In the advanced stages, complications such as dehydration, malnutrition, and infections can occur, which may eventually lead to death.

Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurological disorder that affects movement. It is a progressive condition, meaning symptoms worsen over time. In Parkinson’s disease, the brain cells that produce dopamine a chemical that helps control muscle movement begin to break down and die.

• Early-onset Alzheimers
• Late-onset Alzheimers
• Secondary Parkinsonism
• Parkinsonian gait
• Parkinsonism
• Brain cell death
• Bradykinesia
• Parkinsons care, rehabilitation, and treatments

Dementia is usually caused by degeneration in the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain responsible for thoughts, memories, actions, and personality. Death of brain cells in this region leads to the cognitive impairments that characterise dementia. Causes of dementia include head injury, brain tumours, infections, hormone disorders, metabolic disorders, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies, drug abuse, or chronic alcoholism. Unfortunately, most disorders associated with dementia are progressive, degenerative and irreversible. The two major degenerative causes of dementia are Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia Multiple neuropathologic processes may underlie dementia, including both neurodegenerative diseases and vascular disease. Dementia is most common in elderly individuals, with advancing age being the strongest risk factor.

Vascular dementia is a type of dementia caused by impaired blood flow to the brain, leading to brain cell damage. It results from conditions that block or reduce blood circulation, such as strokes, small vessel disease, or vascular brain injuries.

• Symptoms of Dementia
• Mixed dementia
• Stroke & Dementia
• Causes of Dementia
• Treatments for Dementia
• Cerebrovascular disease
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• Hypercholesterolemia

Cognitive neuroscience is the scientific field that is concerned with the study of the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition, with a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes.  It addresses the questions of how cognitive activities are affected or controlled by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both neuroscience and psychology, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from Neuropsychology and Computational modelling.

Concepts of motivation are vital to progress in behavioural neuroscience. Motivational concepts help us to understand what limbic brain systems are chiefly evolved to do, i.e., to mediate psychological processes that guide real behavior.

• Causes of Dementia
• Cognitive Psychology
• Neuropsychology
• Experimental Psychology
• Physiological psychology
• Cognitive genomics
• Complications of mental illness
• Translational Research
• Internal medicine
• Aggressiveness
• Allostasis developmental psychology

Epilepsy a chronic condition is a disorder of the central nervous system in which regular seizures occur. Brain activity is irregular in epilepsy, leading to repeated seizures, erratic behaviour, loss of consciousness and sensations. Regardless of gender, race, and age, epilepsy can happen to anyone.

Seizures are a significant symptom of epilepsy. Two types of seizures are primarily present: focal seizures and generalised seizures. The other signs include a person's sudden fall without any reason. Epilepsy is caused by genetic or environmental causes. The causes of acquired epilepsy include stroke, cancers, brain damage and brain infection. The genetic cause of epilepsy is more common in young people, and brain tumours and strokes are more prevalent in older people. The precise cause of most cases of epilepsy is unclear. An electroencephalogram, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neuroimaging can be used to observe epilepsy. To recognise the disorders in the brain during a seizure and to look at the minute changes in the structure of the brain, these techniques may provide a clearer view.

• Seizure
• Epilepsy surgery
• Epileptogenic
• Photosensitive epilepsy
• Generalized seizures
• Focal seizures
• Epilepsy treatment

A stroke is a restorative crisis. stroke happens when bloodstream to your mind stops. Inside minutes, cerebrum cells start to die. There are two sorts of stroke. The more normal kind, called ischemic stroke, is created by a blood coagulation that squares or attachments a vein in the cerebrum. The other kind, called haemorrhagic stroke, is brought on by a vein that breaks and seeps into the cerebrum. "Smaller than normal strokes" or transient ischemic assaults (TIAs), happen when the blood supply to the cerebrum has quickly interfered. Stroke is the third driving reason for death in the United States. Of the more than 700,000 individuals influenced each year, around 500,000 of these are first assaults, and 200,000 are intermittent. Around 25 percent of individuals who recuperate from their first stroke will have another stroke inside five years. Stroke is the main source of genuine long-haul handicap.

• Cardiac Complications of Neuromuscular Disorder
• Lambert-Eaton syndrome
• Myasthenia
• Brain Disorders
• Neurodegenerative diseases
• Traumatic brain injuries
• Narcolepsy

Computational neuroscience is distinct from psychological connectionism and machine learning in that it emphasizes descriptions of functional and biologically realistic neurons (and neural systems) and their physiology and dynamics. These models capture the essential features of the biological system at multiple spatial-temporal scales, from membrane currents, protein and chemical coupling to network oscillations, columnar and topographic architecture and learning and memory. These computational models are used to frame hypotheses that can be directly tested by current or future biological and/or psychological experiments.

Neuroinformatic is an examination field worried with the association of neuroscience information using computational models and explanatory apparatuses. These territories of research are critical for the coordination and investigation of progressively extensive volume, high-dimensional, and fine-grain exploratory information. Neuroinformaticians give computational instruments, scientific models, and make interoperable databases for clinicians and research researchers.

• Single neuron modelling
• Development, axonal patterning, and guidance
• Sensory processing
• Memory and synaptic plasticity
• Behaviours of networks Neural Computation
• Neuroengineering
• Brain Informatics
• Analysis and modelling of CNS and neuronal system

Neuroimmunology refers to the interdisciplinary field merging neurology, immunology, and aspects of neuroscience. It is a scientific and clinical domain. Scientifically, neuroimmunology tries to understand the bidirectional links between the nervous and immune systems, and their implications to illnesses. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders is a priceless expansion to the writing and will be of critical enthusiasm to neurologists, inhabitants and colleagues, internists, and general professionals who treat patients having a neurologic issue and other systemic immune system illnesses. The resistant framework direct protection against these creatures, wastefulness of similar outcomes in Infections. The condition is much more regrettable in creating nations; it has been a noteworthy medical issue in Australia. Somewhere in the range of 350,000 to 500,000 patients experience the ill effects of different sclerosis (MS) in the United States.

• Multiple sclerosis
• Biopsy
• Neuroimmune genetics
• Neurovirology
• Neuroinflammation
• Neuroinfectious disease
• Neuromodulation Alteration
• Novel Drug development

Neurocardiology is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the interactions between the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. It explores the neurophysiological, neurological, and neuroanatomical foundations of heart function and the neurological origins of cardiac disorders.

This field investigates how both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) influence cardiac function, particularly under conditions of stress, injury, or disease.

The nervous system is getting affected by cancer is one of the severe conditions. The study of cancers of the nervous system is known as Neuro Oncology. It is a branch of medicine which deals with brain and spinal cord neoplasms. In the end, in most situations, it becomes deadly. For malignant and benign spinal cord and brain tumours, it performs research, investigation, identification, and care.

Neuro-Oncology deals with multiple tumours, such as Central Nervous System (CNS) primary tumours and CNS metastatic tumours, and their numerous first-place causative factors. Pons gliomas, brain stem gliomas, glioblastoma multiforme, and astrocytoma are some of the worst types of cancer.

• Drug use by Adolescents
• Alcoholism & Addiction
• CNS & Addictive Disorders
• Behavioural Addication
• Addication Theraphy
• Radiation Oncology
• Paediatric Oncology
• Emerging Concepts in Neuro-Oncology

Pediatric neurology happens mostly in youngsters or teenagers. Neurology influences around 6 in 100,000 youngsters. Neurology in kids is of three essential sorts in whom two are ischemic neurology in which blockage of veins outcome in absence of blood stream and harm. At the point when a corridor is blocked, the term blood vessel ischemic neurology (AIS) is utilized. At the point when a vein is block, the term utilized is cerebral Sino venous thrombosis (CSVT). In the third shape, haemorrhagic neurology (HS), the vein crack as opposed to being blocked. The most known signs and side effects of neurology incorporate the sudden appearance of failing or deadness of the face, arm or leg, more often than not on one side of the body.

• Sleep disorders
• Behavioral disorders
• Cerebral palsy
• Childhood epilepsy
• Concussion and Migraine
• Neonatal neurology
• Degenerative disorders
• Movement disorders (Cerebral paresis)
• Muscle diseases
• Lysosomal storage disease
• Brain malformations
• Development disorders

The brain and spinal medulla form the central nervous system together. In humans, wherever it moves through the hiatus, the neural structure begins at the membrane bone, and at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae meets and joins the spinal canal. The spinal cord stretches to the body section area of the vertebral column from the medulla inside the brainstem. It encloses the neural structure's central canal that contains humour.

Spine conditions arise in persons regardless of their age-spinal bifida in children and spinal stenosis in the elderly. A variety of square measurements of spinal disorders have been seen. In diagnostic methods, the increase in spinal disorders has been met with a leap in development. A variety of commonly used instruments in diagnostic spinal disorders are measured by scrutiny spine, X-rays, MRI, CT and law enforcement department square.

The pediatric neurogenetic issue are sicknesses of the brain, spinal string, nerves and muscles that are caused by changes in genes or chromosomes. There are many neurogenetic issues that may display in altogether different ways. They may cause issues from birth or just wind up plainly clear in later adolescence. They incorporate mutations in the brain, neurodevelopmental disorder, hereditary disorders and issues, for example, seizures, loss of muscle tone, adjust and learn. Neurology Conferences is a distinctive platform to bring together global distinguished academics in the field of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery.

• Causes of neuro-ophthalmology
• Treatment of neuro-ophthalmology
• Neuro-ophthalmologist

Neurophysiology is characterized as the study of nervous system physiology and function. The functional properties of nerves, glia and neural networks are to be investigated. A part of neuroscience and physiology is neurophysiology. In neurophysiology, electrophysiological or molecular biological techniques are also used. Neurophysiology is characterized by some other researchers as a study of brain cells. It is concerned with neuroscience in mathematics, neurochemistry, electrophysiology, neuroanatomy, neuroscience in hospitals, and biophysics. Neurophysiology uses neurophysiological testing using biochemical techniques.

Neuroimaging is the visual performance of the device and brain. Intracranial unwellness is possible by neuroimaging designation of current standing and development of neurodegenerative medicine. Neuroimaging involves numerous PET, MRI, and CT appreciation strategies for designation. Biomarker would be a material inserted into species as a predictor of detective work, screening, diagnosis, efficiency of the observational organ. Biomarker shows whether or not there is a stable state or unwellness. Neuroradiologists are those who specialize in the techniques of neuroimaging. In medicine, neuroscience, and psychology, neuroimaging or brain imaging is a modern discipline for researching improvements in different neurological and psychological conditions.

• Systemic Neurophysiology
• Surgical Neurophysiology
• Neurochemistry
• Neurophysiology Facilitation of Respiration
• Clinical neurophysiology
• Metabolic Disorders in Neurophysiology
• Neuroimaging techniques and their relation with Neurology
• Recent advancements in Neuroimaging
• Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
• Magnetoencephalography
• Cranial ultrasound

Neuroplasticity is also known as brain plasticity and neural plasticity that encompasses the two synaptic and non-synaptic plasticity and it refers to advance in neural pathways and synapses due to difference in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions as well as to changes resulting from bodily. The goal of this session is to understand the brain plasticity advances in neurite remodeling and how to increase neural connections. Neurorehabilitation is a medical process which aims to aid recovery from nervous system damage and to minimize or compensate for any functional alterations resulting from it.

Neurological Nursing is a very challenging nursing specialty dealing with assessment, nursing diagnosis, and management of many neurological disorders for which nurses provide patient care. They are expected to work at health care clinics, hospitals and Intensive rehabilitation and brain injury units assisting complex Neuro surgeries, or with procedures in Neurointerventional Radiology and even in Clinic research areas. This includes trauma, brain injuries, stroke, seizures, tumours, headaches, infections, and aneurysms, as well as a host of other neurological complexities.

• Neurosurgery
• Neurotrauma
• Neuroscience critical/intensive care
• Long-term neurological conditions

Recent clinical studies have shown that between half-hour and hour of drug abusers have mental state diagnoses Depression, schizophrenic psychosis, and manic disorders. Drug addiction may be a typical of disorder involves the interaction of environmental factors and genetic factors to extend the susceptibility of an individual to addictive behaviour. SAMHA scientist’s area unit working on the pharmacological and neuro psychosocial models and approaches that involve pre-symptomatic studies and clinical findings, to elucidate the results of mental health and physical disorders and outcomes in drug-addicts, Researchers specialize in pregnant women smokes cigarettes. Tobacco usage elevates therapeutic and behavioral therapies in smokers with synchronous psychiatrically disorders.

• Case reports on neurosurgery
• Health care reports
• On-going Clinical trials in neurology
• Pharmacology Resident Case Studies